For conversion to difluoromalonaldehyde derivatives, see: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 540 (1992). These may be used in the synthesis of ɑ, ɑ -difluoro functionalized esters and amides. Wittig reactions with phosphorus ylides give enol ethers, which are useful precursors of various fluorinated derivatives: J. Org. Chem., 57, 3807 (1992); Org. Synth., 75, 153 (1997).